Идиомы на букву F

Идиома (идиоматическое выражение, фразеологическое сращение, устойчивый оборот) – семантически неделимая фраза, смысловое содержание которой отличается от суммы смыслов составляющих ее лексических единиц. Не очень понятно? Попробуем разобраться «по-простому», на примерах родного языка. Вот несколько идиоматических выражений: «белая ворона», «вилами по воде», «играть с огнем», «как на иголках», «поджать хвост». Смысл фразы «поджать хвост» не равен сумме смыслов «поджать» + «хвост». Ребенку, осваивающему родную речь, постоянно приходится объяснять, что «белая ворона» – не ворона, не птица и не белая. Что «поджать хвост» – значит «испугаться», «присмиреть», «затаиться».

Мы зачастую не замечаем, сколь часто используем всевозможные идиомы в своей речи, но обращаем внимание на устойчивые фразеологические конструкции чужих языков. Что ждет англичанина, пытающегося вывести смысл выражения «бить баклуши» из слов «бить» и «баклуша»? То же, что русского, переводящего «acid test» («серьезное испытание», «пробный камень») как «кислый» или «кислотный» «тест».

Зачем учить английские идиомы?

- Без знакомства с устойчивыми английскими выражениями изучение языка Шекспира попросту невозможно.

- Без знания фразеологических оборотов английская речь учащегося будет «языковым полуфабрикатом», ведь именно идиомы делают монологи и диалоги «человеческими». Фразеологизмы придают экспрессию, расставляют эмоциональные и смысловые акценты, формируют «живой язык» и выполняют еще множество функций. Так, например, использование устоявшихся сочетаний из разряда табуизированной лексики, профессионального арго, диалектов и говоров дает о говорящем море дополнительной невербальной информации. Умение уловить эти «невербальные смысловые оттенки» не менее важно, чем способность понять смысл сказанного собеседником (иностранцем) или «ввернуть» в разговор на английском подходящие идиомы.

- Last but not least: солидный багаж английских идиоматических выражений позволит учащемуся уверенней себя чувствовать при выражении мыслей на иностранном языке.

face

face down

face lift

face-saver

face the music

face-to-face

face-to-face

face up to

face value

faced with

fact

facts of life

fade back

fail

fail to do

fair

fair and square

fair catch

fair-haired boy

fair play

fair sex

fair shake

fair-weather friend

fairy godmother

fairy tale

faith

fall

fall all over

fall asleep at the switch

fall away

fall back

fall back on

fall behind

fall by the wayside

fall down on the job

fall due

fall flat

fall for

fall from grace

fall guy

fall in

fall in for

falling-out

fall in line

fall in love

fall in

fall in with

fall into the habit of

fall off

fall off the wagon

fall on

fallout

fall out

fall over backwards

fall over yourself

fall short

fall through

fall to

fall to pieces

fall wide of the mark

false

family

family tree

famine

fancy doing something

fancy pants

fan

fan out

fan the breeze

far

far afield

far and away

far and near

far and wide

farfetched

far cry

far from it

far gone

farm

farm out

far-out

fashion

fast

fast and furious

fast buck

fast talker

fast time

fasten on

fat

fat chance

fat city

fate

father

Father Christmas

Father's Day

fat is in the fire

fat of the land

fault

faultfinding

favor

favorite son

fear

fear and trembling

feast one's eyes on

feast or a famine

feather

feather in one's cap

feather one's nest

fed up

feed

feel

feel a draft

feel for someone

feel free to do

feel in one's bones

feel like

feel like a million

feel like a new man

feel like two cents

feel low

feel no pain

feel one's oats

feel one's way

feel

feel out

feel out of place

feel the pinch

feel up

feel up to something

feet

feet of clay

feet on the ground

fell

fellow

fellow traveller

fence

fence in

fence-sitter

fence-sitting

fence with

ferret out

few

few and far between

fickle finger of fate

fiddle

fiddle around

fiddler

fiddle with

field

field goal

fifth

fifth column

flfty-flfty(1)

fifty-fifty(2)

fight against time

fight fire with fire

fight it out

fighting chance

fight off

fight shy of

fight tooth and nail

figure in

figure on

figure out

figure up

fill in

fill (in) the gap

fill one's shoes

fill out

fill the bases

fill the bill

fill up

filthy lucre

filthy rich

finders keepers

find fault

find it in one's heart

find one's ---

find oneself

find

find out

find out the hard way

fine feathers do not make fine birds

fine kettle of fish

fine-tooth comb

finger

finger in the pie

fingertip

finish up

fire

firebug

firing squad

first

firsthand

first and foremost

first and last

first base

first class

first-class(1)

first-class(2)

first come, first served

first cousin

first of all

first off

first-run

first stone

first string(1)

first-string

first thing off the bat

first things first

fish

fish-and-chips

fish for

fish for a compliment

fish fry

fish in muddy

fish or cut bait

fish out of water

fish story

fist

fit

fit as a fiddle

fit for

fit in with

fit like a glove

fit out

fit the bill

fit to a T

fit to be tied(1)

fit to be tied(2)

five o'clock shadow

fix

fix someone's wagon

fix someone up with

fix up

fizzle out

flag down

flakeball

flame

flanker back

flare up

flare-up

flash

flash card

flash in the pan

flat

flat as a pancake

flat broke

flatfoot

flat-footed

flat-out

flatter oneself

flea in one's ear

flea market

flesh

flesh and blood

flesh out

flesh up

fling oneself at

fling oneself at someone's head

flip-flop(1)

flip-flop(2)

flip-flop(3)

flip one's lid

flip out

flock

floor

floor one

floorwalker

flop

flower child

flower power

fluff one's lines

fluff stuff

flunk out

flush it

fly

fly at one's throat

fly ball

fly blind

fly-by-night(1)

fly-by-night(2)

fly by the seat of one's pants

flying

flying high

flying start

flying tackle

flying wedge

fly in the face of

fly in the ointment

fly off the handle

fly the coop

flying visit

flying saucer

fly into a rage

foam at the mouth

fob off

fog

foggy bottom

fold up

folk

follow

follower

follow in one's footsteps

follow one's heart

follow one's nose

follow out

follow suit

follow through

follow up

follow-up

fond of

food for thought

fool

fool and his money are soon parted

fool around

fool around

fool away

foolish

foolproof

fool's paradise

foot

footed

foot in the door

footstep

foot the bill

footloose and fancy-free

for a fall

for all

for all one cares

for all one is worth

for all one knows

for all that

for all the world

for a loop

for a loss

for a ride

for as much as

for a song

for aught

for bear

for better or worse

forbid

for broke

force

force one's hand

force play

for certain

for crying out loud

for days on end

for dear life

fore

foremost

forest

forever and a day

forever and ever

for example

for fear

for fear of

for free

for fun

forget

forget oneself

forgive and forget

for good

for good measure

for granted

for Heaven's sake!

for hours on end

for instance

for it

for keeps

forked tongue

fork over a lot of money

fork over

for laughs

for love or money

form

for no man

for one

for one's money

for one's part

for one thing

for real(1)

for real(2)

for one's sake

for shame

for short

for sure

fort

forth

for that matter

for the asking

for the best

for the better

for the birds

for the books

for the devil

for the hills

for the life of one

for the moon

for the most part

for the nonce

for the ride

for the sake of

for the time being

for the world

for the worse

for to

forty winks

forward

forward wall

for you

foul ball

foul line

foul out

foul play

foul shot

foul up

foul-up

foundation garment

four

four bits

four corners

four-eyes

four-leaf clover

fourth class

fourth-class(1)

fourth-class(2)

fourth world

fowl

fox and geese

fraidy-cat

frame of mind

freak

freak-out(1)

freak out(2)

free

free agent

free and easy

free ball

free enterprise

free hand

freeload

free rein

free throw

free-for-all

freeze

freeze one's blood

freeze out

freeze over

French fried potato

French leave

fresh from

friction tape

Friday

friend

friends with

frightened out of one's wits

frightened to death

fritter away

fro

frog

from bad to worse

from grace

from hand to hand

from hand to mouth

from little acorns

from Missouri

from mouth to mouth

from pillar to post

from rags to riches

from scratch

from the bottom of one's heart

from the door

from the ground up

from the heart

from the word "go"

from time to time

from --- to ---

from under

from way back

front

front and center

front court

front office

frown upon

fruitcake

fry

fuck around

fuck off

fuck up

fuck-up

fuddy-duddy

fuel

full

full blast

full-bodied

full-fledged

full of beans

full of it

full of oneself

full of prunes

full of the moon

full of the Old Nick

full tilt

fun

fun and games

fun house

funny bone

fur

furious

fuse

fuss

fuss and feathers